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MySQL

MySQL은 데이터베이스 소프트웨어입니다. 일반적으로 데이터를 추가하거나 검색, 추출하는 기능을 모두 포함해서 데이터베이스라고 부릅니다.

MySQL은 세계에서 가장 많이 쓰는 오픈 소스 관계형 데이터베이스 관리시스템(RDBMS)입니다. MySQL은 PHP 스크립트 언어와 상호 연동이 잘 되면서 오픈소스를 개발된 무료 프로그램입니다. 그래서 홈페이지나 쇼핑몰(워드프레스, cafe24, 제로보드, 그누보드)등 일반적으로 웹 개발에 널리 사용하고 있습니다.

MySQL 설치

MAMP란 웹사이트를 개발할 때 쓰이는 기술 스택인 macOS, Apache, MySQL, PHP의 약어이자 솔루션 스택이다.
https://www.mamp.info/en/downloads/?m=1657617323&

MySQL 실행

윈도우 : cd MAMP/bin/mysql/bin
로그인 : mysql -uroot -proot 
    Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
    Your MySQL connection id is 4
    Server version: 5.7.24 MySQL Community Server (GPL)
    
    Copyright (c) 2000, 2018, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
    
    Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
    affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
    owners.
    
    Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
맥 : cd Application/mamp/libary/bin
로그인 : ./mysql -uroot -proot 
    webstoryboyhwang@Webstoryboyui-MacBookPro bin % ./mysql -uroot -proot
    mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
    Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
    Your MySQL connection id is 188
    Server version: 5.7.34 MySQL Community Server (GPL)
    
    Copyright (c) 2000, 2021, Oracle and/or its affiliates.
    
    Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
    affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
    owners.
    
    Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

데이터베이스

데이터베이스 만들기

create database 데이터베이스 이름; 
    mysql> create database sample01;
    Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)

데이터베이스 보기

show databases; 
    mysql> show databases;
    +--------------------+
    | Database           |
    +--------------------+
    | information_schema |
    | mysql              |
    | performance_schema |
    | sample01           |
    | sys                |
    +--------------------+
    6 rows in set (0.00 sec)

데이터베이스 사용

use 데이터베이스 이름; 
    use sample01;
    Database changed

데이터베이스 삭제

drop database 데이터베이스 이름; 
    mysql> drop database sample02;
    Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.04 sec)

테이블

테이블 만들기

create table 테이블 이름; 
    create table member (
        myMemberID int(10) unsigned auto_increment,
        youEmail varchar(40) NOT NULL,
        youName varchar(20) NOT NULL,
        youPass varchar(20) NOT NULL,
        youBirth int(20) NOT NULL,
        youAge int(5) NOT NULL,
        regTime int(20) NOT NULL,
        PRIMARY KEY (myMemberID)
    ) charset=utf8;

테이블 전체보기

show tables; 
    mysql> show tables;
    +--------------------+
    | Tables_in_sample01 |
    +--------------------+
    | member             |
    +--------------------+
    1 row in set (0.00 sec)

테이블 보기

desc 테이블 이름; 
    mysql> desc member;
    +------------+------------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
    | Field      | Type             | Null | Key | Default | Extra          |
    +------------+------------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
    | myMemberID | int(10) unsigned | NO   | PRI | NULL    | auto_increment |
    | youEmail   | varchar(40)      | NO   |     | NULL    |                |
    | youName    | varchar(20)      | NO   |     | NULL    |                |
    | youPass    | varchar(20)      | NO   |     | NULL    |                |
    | youBirth   | int(20)          | NO   |     | NULL    |                |
    | regTime    | int(20)          | NO   |     | NULL    |                |
    +------------+------------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
    6 rows in set (0.01 sec)

테이블 삭제

drop table 테이블 이름; 
    mysql> drop table member;
    Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.03 sec)

테이블 복사

CREATE TABLE 새로운 테이블명 SELECT * FROM 복사할 테이블 명 
    CREATE TABLE member3 SELECT * FROM member;

테이블 데이터

데이터 입력하기

INSERT INTO 테이블 이름(필드명) VALUE(데이터); 
    INSERT INTO member(youEmail, youName, youPass, youBirth, youAge, regTime) VALUES('webstoryboy@naver.com','황상연','1234','19990303', '20','1234567');
    INSERT INTO member(youEmail, youName, youPass, youBirth, youAge, regTime) VALUES('thdtjdgml415@naver.com', '송성희', '1234', '19970415', '20', '1234567');
    INSERT INTO member(youEmail, youName, youPass, youBirth, youAge, regTime) VALUES('mo0647@naver.com', '김민정', '1234', '19970530', '20', '1234567');
    INSERT INTO member(youEmail, youName, youPass, youBirth, youAge, regTime) VALUES('tjrwnsrkdtj@naver.com', '김석준', '1234', '19941009', '20', '1234567');
    INSERT INTO member(youEmail, youName, youPass, youBirth, youAge, regTime) VALUES('jwor124@naver.com', '정은비', '1234', '19990303', '20', '1234567');
    INSERT INTO member(youEmail, youName, youPass, youBirth, youAge, regTime) VALUES('leesh3432@naver.com','이영환','1234','19970205', '20', '1234567');
    INSERT INTO member(youEmail, youName, youPass, youBirth, youAge, regTime) VALUES('kkk5993@naver.com', '김성현', '1234', '19960617', '20', '1234567');
    INSERT INTO member(youEmail, youName, youPass, youBirth, youAge, regTime) VALUES('sshin4882@naver.com','박현신','1234','19990303', '20', '1234567');
    INSERT INTO member(youEmail, youName, youPass, youBirth, youAge, regTime) VALUES('to_before@naver.com', '김상준', '1234', '19970809', '20', '04');
    INSERT INTO member(youEmail, youName, youPass, youBirth, youAge, regTime) VALUES('kkb7528@naver.com','권규비','1234','19990303', '20', '1234567');
    INSERT INTO member(youEmail, youName, youPass, youBirth, youAge, regTime) VALUE('ghkddbwls96@gmail.com', '황유진', '1234', '19990303', '20', '1234567');
    INSERT INTO member(youEmail, youName, youPass, youBirth, youAge, regTime) VALUES('eodnjs9605@naver.com','김대원','1234','19960530', '20','1234567');
    INSERT INTO member(youEmail, youName, youPass, youBirth, youAge, regTime) VALUES('wjsqhdus971007@gmail.com','전보연','1234','19971007', '20','1234567');
    INSERT INTO member(youEmail, youName, youPass, youBirth, youAge, regTime) VALUES('noeyheyh@gmail.com','권혜현','1234','19960331', '20','1234567');
    INSERT INTO member(youEmail, youName, youPass, youBirth, youAge, regTime) VALUES('hjkang306@gmail.com','강현지','1234','19990303', '20','1234567');
    INSERT INTO member(youEmail, youName, youPass, youBirth, youAge, regTime) VALUES('sunhey9810@gmail.com', '박선혜', '1234', '19981010', '20','1234567');
    INSERT INTO member(youEmail, youName, youPass, youBirth, youAge, regTime) VALUE('kde66034@gmail.com', '김동언', '1234', '19700101', '20','1234567');
    INSERT INTO member(youEmail, youName, youPass, youBirth, youAge, regTime) VALUES('praise1109@gmail.com', '이하은', '1234', '19990303', '20','1234567');

데이터 불러오기

SELECT 필드명 FROM 테이블명 WHERE 조건;

전체 데이터 불러오기

    mysql> SELECT * FROM member;
    +------------+--------------------------+---------+---------+----------+---------+
    | myMemberID | youEmail                 | youName | youPass | youBirth | regTime |
    +------------+--------------------------+---------+---------+----------+---------+
    |          2 | webstoryboy@naver.com    | 황상연  | 1234    | 19990303 | 1234567 |
    |          3 | thdtjdgml415@naver.com   | 송성희  | 1234    | 19970415 | 1234567 |
    |          4 | mo0647@naver.com         | 김민정  | 1234    | 19970530 | 1234567 |
    |          5 | tjrwnsrkdtj@naver.com    | 김석준  | 1234    | 19941009 | 1234567 |
    |          6 | jwor124@naver.com        | 정은 비 | 1234    | 19990303 | 1234567 |
    |          7 | leesh3432@naver.com      | 이영환  | 1234    | 19970205 | 1234567 |
    |          8 | kkk5993@naver.com        | 김성현  | 1234    | 19960617 | 1234567 |
    |          9 | sshin4882@naver.com      | 박현신  | 1234    | 19990303 | 1234567 |
    |         10 | to_before@naver.com      | 김상준  | 1234    | 19970809 |       4 |
    |         11 | kkb7528@naver.com        | 권규비  | 1234    | 19990303 | 1234567 |
    |         12 | ghkddbwls96@gmail.com    | 황유진  | 1234    | 19990303 | 1234567 |
    |         13 | eodnjs9605@naver.com     | 김대원  | 1234    | 19960530 | 1234567 |
    |         14 | wjsqhdus971007@gmail.com | 전보연  | 1234    | 19971007 | 1234567 |
    |         15 | noeyheyh@gmail.com       | 권혜현  | 1234    | 19960331 | 1234567 |
    |         16 | hjkang306@gmail.com      | 강현지  | 1234    | 19990303 | 1234567 |
    |         17 | sunhey9810@gmail.com     | 박선혜  | 1234    | 19981010 | 1234567 |
    |         18 | kde66034@gmail.com       | 김동언  | 1234    | 19700101 | 1234567 |
    |         19 | praise1109@gmail.com     | 이하은  | 1234    | 19990303 | 1234567 |
    +------------+--------------------------+---------+---------+----------+---------+
    19 rows in set (0.00 sec)

myMemberID가 6번인 경우

    mysql> SELECT * FROM member WHERE myMemberID = 6;

myMemberID가 6번이 아닌 경우

    SELECT * FROM member WHERE myMemberID <> 6;

myMemberID가 5번에서 10번인 경우

    SELECT * FROM member WHERE myMemberID >=5 AND myMemberID <=10;

myMemberID가 5번에서 10번인 경우(범위 조건)

    SELECT * FROM member WHERE myMemberID BETWEEN 5 AND 10;

myMemberID가 5번에서 10번인 아닌 경우(범위 조건)

    SELECT * FROM member WHERE myMemberID NOT BETWEEN 5 AND 10;

myMemberID (해당 조건 불러오기)

    SELECT * FROM member WHERE myMemberID IN(1,4,10,14);

email중에 naver 텍스트를 포함하고 있는 경우

    mysql> SELECT * FROM member WHERE youEmail LIKE '%naver%';

email 중에 web 텍스트로 시작하는 경우

    SELECT * FROM member WHERE youEmail like 'web%';

email중에 com 텍스트로 끝나는 경우

    SELECT * FROM member WHERE youEmail LIKE '%com';

이름 중에 '김'으로 시작하는 멤버 출력

    SELECT * FROM member WHERE youName LIKE '김%';

이름 중에 '김'이거나 '황'씨인 경우 멤버 출력

    SELECT * FROM member WHERE youName LIKE '김%' OR youName LIKE '황%';

이름 중간에 '상'이 있거나 끝에 '연'이 있는 멤버 출력

    SELECT * FROM member WHERE youName LIKE '_상_';
    SELECT * FROM member WHERE youName LIKE '__연';

이름 중에 데이터가 없는 경우나 전부인 경우 출력

    SELECT * FROM member WHERE youName IS NULL;
    SELECT * FROM member WHERE youName IS NOT NULL;

멤버 중에 나이가 18이상이면서 김씨인 멤버 출력

    SELECT * FROM member WHERE youName LIKE '김__' AND youAge >= 18;

멤버 중에 나이가 18이상이거나 김씨인 멤버 출력

    SELECT * FROM member WHERE youName LIKE '김__' OR youAge >= 18;

멤버 중에 나이가 20이상이면서 아이디가 2 또는 10인 멤버

    SELECT * FROM member WHERE (myMemberID = 2 OR myMemberID = 10) AND youAge >= 20;

회원 데이터 5개만 불러오기 (1~5)

    SELECT * FROM member LIMIT 5;

회원 데이터 5개만 불러오기 (6~10)

    SELECT * FROM member LIMIT 5, 5;

회원 이메일 기준으로 5개만 불러오기 (1~5)

    SELECT youEmail FROM member LIMIT 5;

데이터 수정하기

UPDATE 테이블명(필드명) SET 컬럼명 조건

모든 회원의 핸드폰 번호 변경

    UPDATE member SET youPhone = "010-0000-0000"

아이디가 3번인 회원의 비밀번호를 '123456'로 변경

    UPDATE member SET youPass = "123456" WHERE myMemberID = 3;

회원 아이디 5~10까지 비밀번호를 "1234567"로 변경

    UPDATE member SET youPass = "1234567" WHERE myMemberID BETWEEN 5 AND 10;

비밀번호를 "1234567"로 변경하고 내림차순으로 10개만 변경하기

    UPDATE member SET youPass = ‘1234567’ ORDER BY youPass DESC LIMIT 10;

데이터 삭제하기

DELETE FROM 테이블명 조건

회원 아이디가 5번인 멤버 삭제

    DELETE FROM member WHERE myMemberID = 5;

회원 비밀번호가 '1234'인 멤버 삭제

    DELETE FROM member WHERE myPass = 1234;

회원 이름 기준으로 5번째까지 멤버 삭제

    DELETE FROM member ORDER BY youName LIMIT 5;

지정한 멤버 삭제

    DELETE FROM member WHERE myMemberID IN(7,9,10);

테이블 수정

필드 추가하기

ALTER TABLE 테이블명 ADD 추가할 필드명 ALTER 필드 위치

member 테이블 나이 위에 핸드폰 번호 필드를 추가

    ALTER TABLE member ADD youPhone int(20) NOT NULL AFTER youAge;

member 테이블 핸드폰 번호 뒤에 성별 필드를 추가

    ALTER TABLE member ADD youGender enum('m', 'w', 'x') default 'x' comment "남자 m, 여자 w" AFTER youPhone;

필드 수정하기

ALTER TABLE 테이블 MODIFY 수정할 필드명 
    ALTER TABLE member MODIFY youAge int(10);

    ALTER TABLE member MODIFY youGender enum('m', 'w');

필드 삭제하기

ALTER TABLE 테이블명 DROP 삭제할필드명; 
    ALTER TABLE member DROP youGender;

테이블 합치기

테이블 JOIN

SELECT 필드명 FROM 테이블명 엘리어스 JOIN 연결할 테이블명 엘리어스 ON(조건문); 

    create table myMember (
        myMemberID int(10) unsigned auto_increment,
        youEmail varchar(40) NOT NULL,
        youName varchar(20) NOT NULL,
        youPass varchar(20) NOT NULL,
        youBirth int(20) NOT NULL,
        youAge int(5) NOT NULL,
        youPhone varchar(20) NOT NULL,
        regTime int(20) NOT NULL,
        PRIMARY KEY (myMemberID)
    ) charset=utf8; 

    create table myReview (
        myReviewID int(10) unsigned auto_increment,
        myMemberID int(10) unsigned,
        youText tinytext NOT NULL,
        regTime int(20) NOT NULL,
        PRIMARY KEY (myReviewID)
    ) charset=utf8;

INSERT INTO myMember(youEmail, youName, youPass, youBirth, youAge, youPhone, regTime) VALUES('webstoryboy@naver.com','황상연','1234','19990303', '20', '01012345678', '1234567');
INSERT INTO myMember(youEmail, youName, youPass, youBirth, youAge, youPhone, regTime) VALUES('thdtjdgml415@naver.com', '송성희', '1234', '19970415', '20', '01012345678', '1234567');
INSERT INTO myMember(youEmail, youName, youPass, youBirth, youAge, youPhone, regTime) VALUES('mo0647@naver.com', '김민정', '1234', '19970530', '20', '01012345678', '1234567');
INSERT INTO myMember(youEmail, youName, youPass, youBirth, youAge, youPhone, regTime) VALUES('tjrwnsrkdtj@naver.com', '김석준', '1234', '19941009', '20', '01012345678', '1234567');
INSERT INTO myMember(youEmail, youName, youPass, youBirth, youAge, youPhone, regTime) VALUES('jwor124@naver.com', '정은비', '1234', '19990303', '20', '01012345678', '1234567');

INSERT INTO myReview(myMemberID, youText, regTime) VALUES("1", "감사합니다", '1234567');
INSERT INTO myReview(myMemberID, youText, regTime) VALUES("3", "ㄴㄴ", '1234567');
INSERT INTO myReview(myMemberID, youText, regTime) VALUES("2", "ㅋㅋㄹㅃㅃ", '1234567');
INSERT INTO myReview(myMemberID, youText, regTime) VALUES("3", "조아요", '1234567');
INSERT INTO myReview(myMemberID, youText, regTime) VALUES("4", "굳", '1234567');
INSERT INTO myReview(myMemberID, youText, regTime) VALUES("5", "오", '1234567');
INSERT INTO myReview(myMemberID, youText, regTime) VALUES("2", "ㄴㅇㅅ", '1234567');
INSERT INTO myReview(myMemberID, youText, regTime) VALUES("3", "별로인듯", '1234567');
INSERT INTO myReview(myMemberID, youText, regTime) VALUES("4", "ㅅㄱ", '1234567');
INSERT INTO myReview(myMemberID, youText, regTime) VALUES("5", "이건 아닌거같아요", '1234567');

SELECT m.youName, m.youEmail, r.youText, r.regTime FROM myMember m JOIN myReview r ON (m.myMemberID = r.myMemberID) ORDER BY myReviewID DESC LIMIT 5;